巨大型腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的探讨巨大型腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗的效果。方法28例巨大型腰椎间盘突出症患者中,8例行单侧扩大开窗减压髓核摘除,6例行双侧开窗减压,6例行后路半椎板切除减压髓核摘除,8例行后路全椎板切除减压髓核摘除;28例均行椎弓根螺钉固定。16例行椎间自体髂骨植骨,12例行cage椎间植骨术。单侧椎间植骨融合14例,双侧椎间植骨融合14例。应用JOA评分评价患者手术前后及随访时的神经功能,观察植骨融合情况。结果2例硬脊膜撕裂,1例出现单侧神经根麻痹。JOA评分由术前(11.85±2.41)分提高到术后(25.34±3.23)分,优良率为83.78%。其中单侧开窗组评分由术前(11.60±2.30)分术后改善到(24.85±3.30)分,优良率83.06%;双侧开窗组由术前(11.50±2.40)分术后改善到(25.50±3.20)分,优良率81.12%;半椎板切除组由术前(11.71±2.34)分术后改善到(25.83±3.41)分,优良率86.36%;全椎板切除组由术前(11.92±2.53)分术后改善到(24.49±3.19)分,优良率80.00%。患者均获随访,时间18～66个月,随访期内26例获得骨性融合,融合率...     

游离型腰椎间盘突出症手术失败的原因分析及其再手术治疗

目的:分析游离型腰椎间盘突出症手术失败的原因,探讨再次治疗的手术方法及其疗效。方法:2001年1月～2009年5月,共收治游离型腰椎间盘突出症首次手术失败患者32例,均进行再次手术治疗。再手术方式分别采用开窗、半椎板、全椎板减压,影响脊柱稳定性的患者加用内固定融合术。对所有再次手术患者进行3个月～8年(平均3.1年)的随访。回顾性分析32例患者首次手术失败的原因,探讨其再次手术方式的正确选择,并对其再次手术术后疗效进行分析评价。结果:32例患者首次手术时,手术方式选择不当者16例,术中减压不彻底者10例,术后出现腰椎不稳或滑脱者3例;手术时遗漏突出节段者2例;手术不成功导致术后原有症状加重并出现马尾神经损伤症状者1例。再次手术后,疗效评价参考Arnoldi标准,本组患者疗效优良率达到93.7%。结论:选择合适的术式、术中彻底减压、必要时加用内固定融合术是减少游离型腰椎间盘突出症患者首次手术失败,并且提高疗效的有效手段。     

以腰臀部疼痛为主的腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨对于临床表现主要为腰臀部疼痛的腰椎间盘突出症患者的有效治疗方法。方法回顾性分析了87例主要表现为腰臀部疼痛的腰椎间盘突出症患者,入院后直接手术者32例,先行牵引等保守治疗1月左右无效而改行手术者23例,一直行保守治疗者32例。结果所有患者均获得随访,时间:5月～7年,平均3年5月。手术患者根据中华骨科学会脊柱学组腰背痛手术评定标准评定:优良率89.1%。保守治疗患者根据Tauffer和Coventry腰椎间盘突出症疗效标准评定:良好率84.3%。结论对于初次发作或病史少于3个月者,应采用保守治疗;而对于反复发作,病史超过半年,腰臀部疼痛严重,经保守治疗无效者应果断采取手术治疗。     

Clinical and radiographic results of cervical artificial disc arthroplasty: over three years follow-up cohort study

Background Theoretic advantages of cervical disc arthroplasty include preservation of normal motion and biomechanics in the cervical spine, and reduction of adjacent-segment degeneration. The clinical and radiographic effects of cervical disc arthroplasty in short term have been ascertained. The aim of this study is to research the data of mid-term results.Methods In this prospective cohort study, 50 patients who underwent cervical disc arthroplasty from December 2003 to January 2006 were enrolled. There were 39 patients who received 1-level disc arthroplasty, and 11 patients received 2-level disc arthroplasty, with an average age of 50.9 years （range from 29 to 73）. The median follow-up was 41.85months （range from 36.00-55.63 months）. Patients were followed prospectively with respect to their symptoms,neurologic signs, and radiographic results.Results The median value of Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） score was 14.0 before surgery, and 16.5 at the most recent follow-up （P 〈0.01）. The median value of the recovery rate of the JOA score was 92.2%. The preoperative range of motion （ROM） at the indexed level was （10.40±4.97）°, which has significantly correlated with the most recent follow-up ROM which was （8.56±4.76）° （P 〈0.05, r=0.33）. The ROM at the operative level at the most recent follow-upwas greater than the value at the 3-month follow-up of （7.52±3.37）° （P 〈0.05）. The preoperative functional spinal unit （FSU） angulation was （-0.96±6.52）°, which was not significantly correlated with that of the most recent follow-up value of （-2.65±7.95）° （P 〈0.01, r=0.53）. The preoperative endplate angulation was （2.61±4.85）°, which had no significant correlation with that of the most recent follow-up value of （0.71±6.41）° （p 〉0.05）.Conclusions The clinical and radiographic results of cervical disc arthroplasty are good in mid-term follow-up. The normal range of motion of the operated level and the biomechanics in the cervical spine are well preserved.     

护士易患腰椎间盘突出症（LIDP）的原因分析和防治方法

目的：对护士易患腰椎间盘突出症（LIDP）的调查数据进行分析,提出护士易患LIDP的原因以及一些防治方法。方法：对某三级甲等医院的120名护士LIDP的发生率及原因进行问卷式调查。结果：有腰腿痛者97例,占80．8％;护龄≥3年患病率为83．1％,护龄〈3年者为57．1％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,同时发现精神紧张与腰痛关系密切,腰背痛与家族史、腰伤史有关联。结论：护士应加强LIDP相关知识的学习,提高自身的心理修养,减少LIDP职业病的发生。     

内窥镜后路下腰椎间盘切除术解剖与临床研究

目的：为显微内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术提供解剖学基础,提高手术效果.方法：20具成人L3～S1段尸体标本,去除腰椎畸形凸出标本,正中矢状锯开,观测椎板、黄韧带、神经根与椎间盘之间关系.临床应用椎间盘镜（MED）治疗腰椎间盘突出56例.结果：L3～4椎间盘被L3椎板遮挡最多,L4～5椎间盘次之,而L5～S1椎间盘没有或仅有少许被L5椎板遮挡 L3～4椎间盘下缘均在L4神经根肩部上方,L4～5椎间盘下缘多在L5神经根肩部、腋部之间,而L5～S1椎间盘多在S1神经根腋部下方 临床随访5～8个月,根据NaKai分级,优46例,良9例,可1例.优良率98.2% .结论：严格把握适应证、熟练掌握腰椎各节段解剖特点,是提高MED手术成功率和减少并发症的关键.     

中药“清热解毒”法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的:观察"清热解毒"治疗方法对腰椎间盘突出症的疼痛、功能的影响,分析其作用机制。方法:80例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为两组,对照组40例采用口服盘龙七片方法,试验组40例采用五味消毒饮"清热解毒"方法治疗,使用腰椎间盘突出症"JOA治疗效果评价标准"及疼痛VAS拟量值评估进行统计分析。结果:试验组可改善患者的疼痛和功能,效果优于对照组。结论:"清热解毒"法在腰椎间盘突出症的治疗上,效果显著,值得临床推广运用。     

针刺配合耳穴贴压治疗腰椎间盘突出症60例

目的:观察针刺配合耳压治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:将60例腰椎间盘突出症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组(其中治疗组31例,对照组29例)。对照组采用单纯针刺方法治疗,治疗组在针刺的基础之上配合耳穴贴压治疗,每日1次,10次为1疗程,共治疗2个疗程。两组均在2个疗程结束后,记录改善情况并进行统计学处理。结果:2个疗程结束后,两组的痊愈率比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:针刺配合耳压治疗腰椎间盘突出症有良好疗效,具有一定的临床价值。     

近10年推拿治疗腰椎间盘突出症临床进展

Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH) is a commonly encountered clinical disease.Tuina therapy is one of the important conservative treatments for it.In order to understand the clinical status of tuina therapy for this disease,now the literature in recent 10 years is reviewed as follows.     

后路髓核摘除内固定植骨融合治疗腰椎滑脱并邻近上位椎节间盘突出症

目的:探讨对于腰椎滑脱并邻近上位椎节间盘突出症患者行后路髓核摘除并内固定复位椎间植骨融合术的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析20例腰椎滑脱并邻近上位椎节间盘突出症患者的临床资料,均采用后路髓核摘除并内固定复位椎间植骨融合术进行治疗,观察其临床效果。结果:术后随访9个月至2年,VAS评分、腰腿疼评分均明显优于术前,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),根据JOA腰腿疼评价标准,优13例,良5例,差2例,优良率为90%。结论:对于腰椎滑脱并邻近上位椎节间盘突出症的,患者采用后路髓核摘除并内固定复位椎间植骨融合术进行治疗,疗效确切,安全性高,值得临床推广使用。